{
 "id": "census-welsh-reading-by-council",
 "title": "Welsh reading by council, Census 2021",
 "category": "population",
 "summary": "Usual residents of each of Wales's 22 councils by Welsh reading, Census 2021, from the ONS Census API (its “Welsh reading ability (3 categories)”).",
 "unit": "count",
 "chart": "hbar",
 "volatile": false,
 "status": "",
 "notes": [
  "Census Day was the 21st of March 2021. The ONS perturbs every count slightly to protect privacy, each cell on its own, so a council's categories can add up to a total a few people different from one topic to another, and its councils add up to England's and Wales's counts only within a few dozen.",
  "By council as the ONS's Census API gives them, its lower-tier local authorities of 2023, with Barnsley's and Sheffield's figures under the codes they had until the 1st of April 2025, as the API gives them. Scotland's and Northern Ireland's censuses are separate, so their councils are not here.",
  "Every council's categories together count all its usual residents, “Does not apply” those the question was not asked of.",
  "The question was asked in Wales only: the API puts all of England's usual residents under “Does not apply”, so only Wales's 22 councils are here.",
  "The ONS's description of the topic, “Welsh reading ability (3 categories)”: This classifies a person as being able to \"Read Welsh\". They may have also ticked one or more of the following:\n\n* understand spoken Welsh\n* speak Welsh\n* write Welsh\n\nIn results that classify people by Welsh language skills, a person may appear in more than one category depending on which combination of skills they have."
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "publisher": "Office for National Statistics (Census 2021)",
  "publisher_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/",
  "source_page": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/create",
  "licence": "OGL-3.0",
  "licence_name": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.",
  "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T12:16:41Z",
  "raw_files": [
   {
    "name": "observations.json",
    "url": "https://api.beta.ons.gov.uk/v1/population-types/UR/census-observations?area-type=ltla23&dimensions=welsh_skills_read",
    "sha256": "f415709269801e3ea8402b0beeb3ccd436bbcd61f1f6c2e4a676699efe78291e",
    "bytes": 274054,
    "content_type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"
   },
   {
    "name": "dimensions.json",
    "url": "https://api.beta.ons.gov.uk/v1/population-types/UR/dimensions?limit=500",
    "sha256": "456ad46108ca3f46230c3ddad0b5fc65750b9dd557b85a949e0a67d4ca524d12",
    "bytes": 26631,
    "content_type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"
   }
  ]
 },
 "meta": {
  "latest_period": "2021-03-21",
  "period": "Census Day, 21 March 2021",
  "categories": [
   "Does not apply",
   "Cannot read Welsh",
   "Can read Welsh"
  ],
  "census_topic": "welsh_skills_read",
  "base": "all usual residents",
  "tier": "council",
  "chart_series": [
   "Cannot read Welsh"
  ],
  "chart_areas": [
   "W06000015",
   "W06000011",
   "W06000016",
   "W06000018",
   "W06000022",
   "W06000005",
   "W06000013",
   "W06000012",
   "W06000010",
   "W06000006",
   "W06000014",
   "W06000023",
   "W06000009",
   "W06000003",
   "W06000021",
   "W06000020",
   "W06000004",
   "W06000019",
   "W06000024",
   "W06000002",
   "W06000008",
   "W06000001"
  ],
  "boundaries": "geo-boundaries-council"
 },
 "headline": {
  "label": "Cannot read Welsh, highest: Cardiff",
  "value": 306330.0,
  "period": "Census Day, 21 March 2021"
 },
 "series": [
  {
   "name": "Does not apply",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "W06000015",
     "v": 11068.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000011",
     "v": 6601.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000016",
     "v": 7333.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000018",
     "v": 5265.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000022",
     "v": 5715.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000005",
     "v": 4400.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000013",
     "v": 4194.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000012",
     "v": 3969.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000010",
     "v": 5178.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000006",
     "v": 4032.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000014",
     "v": 3859.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000023",
     "v": 3267.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000009",
     "v": 3152.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000003",
     "v": 2936.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000021",
     "v": 2267.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000020",
     "v": 2896.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000004",
     "v": 2755.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000019",
     "v": 2108.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000024",
     "v": 1882.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000002",
     "v": 3086.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000008",
     "v": 1564.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000001",
     "v": 1792.0
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Cannot read Welsh",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "W06000015",
     "v": 306330.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000011",
     "v": 205088.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000016",
     "v": 200301.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000018",
     "v": 152541.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000022",
     "v": 142368.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000005",
     "v": 133346.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000013",
     "v": 126790.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000012",
     "v": 119737.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000010",
     "v": 116974.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000006",
     "v": 115181.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000014",
     "v": 113082.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000023",
     "v": 109287.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000009",
     "v": 100898.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000003",
     "v": 84452.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000021",
     "v": 82771.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000020",
     "v": 82051.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000004",
     "v": 73201.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000019",
     "v": 60742.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000024",
     "v": 51496.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000002",
     "v": 45664.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000008",
     "v": 40342.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000001",
     "v": 33119.0
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Can read Welsh",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "W06000015",
     "v": 44910.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000011",
     "v": 26801.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000016",
     "v": 30017.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000018",
     "v": 18145.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000022",
     "v": 11510.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000005",
     "v": 17216.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000013",
     "v": 14504.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000012",
     "v": 18582.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000010",
     "v": 65745.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000006",
     "v": 15904.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000014",
     "v": 14998.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000023",
     "v": 20615.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000009",
     "v": 19310.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000003",
     "v": 27354.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000021",
     "v": 7916.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000020",
     "v": 7329.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000004",
     "v": 19861.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000019",
     "v": 4054.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000024",
     "v": 5462.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000002",
     "v": 68645.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000008",
     "v": 29569.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000001",
     "v": 33967.0
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}