{
 "id": "census-welsh-speakers-by-council",
 "title": "Welsh speakers by council, Census 2021",
 "category": "population",
 "summary": "Usual residents of each of Wales's 22 councils by Welsh speakers, Census 2021, from the ONS Census API (its “Number of people aged 3 years and over who can speak Welsh (3 categories)”).",
 "unit": "count",
 "chart": "hbar",
 "volatile": false,
 "status": "",
 "notes": [
  "Census Day was the 21st of March 2021. The ONS perturbs every count slightly to protect privacy, each cell on its own, so a council's categories can add up to a total a few people different from one topic to another, and its councils add up to England's and Wales's counts only within a few dozen.",
  "By council as the ONS's Census API gives them, its lower-tier local authorities of 2023, with Barnsley's and Sheffield's figures under the codes they had until the 1st of April 2025, as the API gives them. Scotland's and Northern Ireland's censuses are separate, so their councils are not here.",
  "Every council's categories together count all its usual residents, “Does not apply” those the question was not asked of.",
  "The question was asked in Wales only: the API puts all of England's usual residents under “Does not apply”, so only Wales's 22 councils are here.",
  "The ONS's description of the topic, “Number of people aged 3 years and over who can speak Welsh (3 categories)”: Classifies people aged 3 years and over living in Wales by whether they can or cannot speak Welsh."
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "publisher": "Office for National Statistics (Census 2021)",
  "publisher_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/",
  "source_page": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/create",
  "licence": "OGL-3.0",
  "licence_name": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.",
  "retrieved_at": "2026-10-30T11:44:25Z",
  "raw_files": [
   {
    "name": "observations.json",
    "url": "https://api.beta.ons.gov.uk/v1/population-types/UR/census-observations?area-type=ltla23&dimensions=welsh_speaking_3_plus",
    "sha256": "cee080c1c77c4d57b61f13978540cfa65f50c630ce1d8964c3665e9952a69492",
    "bytes": 327799,
    "content_type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"
   },
   {
    "name": "dimensions.json",
    "url": "https://api.beta.ons.gov.uk/v1/population-types/UR/dimensions?limit=500",
    "sha256": "456ad46108ca3f46230c3ddad0b5fc65750b9dd557b85a949e0a67d4ca524d12",
    "bytes": 26631,
    "content_type": "application/json; charset=utf-8"
   }
  ]
 },
 "meta": {
  "latest_period": "2021-03-21",
  "period": "Census Day, 21 March 2021",
  "categories": [
   "Does not apply",
   "Aged 3 years or over: Cannot speak Welsh",
   "Aged 3 years or over: Can speak Welsh"
  ],
  "census_topic": "welsh_speaking_3_plus",
  "base": "all usual residents",
  "tier": "council",
  "chart_series": [
   "Aged 3 years or over: Cannot speak Welsh"
  ],
  "chart_areas": [
   "W06000015",
   "W06000011",
   "W06000016",
   "W06000018",
   "W06000022",
   "W06000005",
   "W06000013",
   "W06000012",
   "W06000006",
   "W06000014",
   "W06000010",
   "W06000023",
   "W06000009",
   "W06000021",
   "W06000003",
   "W06000020",
   "W06000004",
   "W06000019",
   "W06000024",
   "W06000002",
   "W06000008",
   "W06000001"
  ],
  "boundaries": "geo-boundaries-council"
 },
 "headline": {
  "label": "Aged 3 years or over: Cannot speak Welsh, highest: Cardiff",
  "value": 308483.0,
  "period": "Census Day, 21 March 2021"
 },
 "series": [
  {
   "name": "Does not apply",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "W06000015",
     "v": 11068.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000011",
     "v": 6601.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000016",
     "v": 7333.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000018",
     "v": 5265.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000022",
     "v": 5715.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000005",
     "v": 4400.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000013",
     "v": 4194.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000012",
     "v": 3969.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000006",
     "v": 4032.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000014",
     "v": 3859.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000010",
     "v": 5178.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000023",
     "v": 3267.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000009",
     "v": 3152.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000021",
     "v": 2267.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000003",
     "v": 2936.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000020",
     "v": 2896.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000004",
     "v": 2755.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000019",
     "v": 2108.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000024",
     "v": 1882.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000002",
     "v": 3086.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000008",
     "v": 1564.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000001",
     "v": 1792.0
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Aged 3 years or over: Cannot speak Welsh",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "W06000015",
     "v": 308483.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000011",
     "v": 205903.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000016",
     "v": 201762.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000018",
     "v": 152850.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000022",
     "v": 142283.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000005",
     "v": 133134.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000013",
     "v": 128257.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000012",
     "v": 119658.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000006",
     "v": 115132.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000014",
     "v": 113345.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000010",
     "v": 109881.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000023",
     "v": 108544.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000009",
     "v": 99580.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000021",
     "v": 82835.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000003",
     "v": 82805.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000020",
     "v": 82014.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000004",
     "v": 72116.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000019",
     "v": 60761.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000024",
     "v": 51878.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000002",
     "v": 40747.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000008",
     "v": 38233.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000001",
     "v": 29673.0
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Aged 3 years or over: Can speak Welsh",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "W06000015",
     "v": 42757.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000011",
     "v": 25986.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000016",
     "v": 28556.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000018",
     "v": 17837.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000022",
     "v": 11594.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000005",
     "v": 17428.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000013",
     "v": 13037.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000012",
     "v": 18662.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000006",
     "v": 15953.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000014",
     "v": 14737.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000010",
     "v": 72838.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000023",
     "v": 21358.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000009",
     "v": 20626.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000021",
     "v": 7852.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000003",
     "v": 29000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000020",
     "v": 7366.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000004",
     "v": 20946.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000019",
     "v": 4035.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000024",
     "v": 5079.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000002",
     "v": 73560.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000008",
     "v": 31678.0
    },
    {
     "x": "W06000001",
     "v": 37413.0
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}