{
 "id": "net-migration-uk",
 "title": "Long-term immigration, emigration and net migration, UK",
 "category": "migration",
 "summary": "People moving to and from the UK for at least a year, and net migration, all nationalities, in each rolling year since the year ending June 2012.",
 "unit": "count",
 "chart": "line",
 "volatile": false,
 "status": "Official statistics in development; the latest periods are provisional",
 "notes": [
  "Long-term migrants are people who change where they usually live for at least 12 months. Each figure covers the 12 months to the end of the month shown, rounded to the nearest thousand, so immigration minus emigration can differ from net migration by a thousand.",
  "The ONS's estimates are official statistics in development, made from Home Office and DWP records with assumptions for recent periods. The latest periods are provisional and are revised as more travel data arrives: each release can change the past two years."
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "publisher": "Office for National Statistics",
  "publisher_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/",
  "source_page": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/longterminternationalimmigrationemigrationandnetmigrationflowsprovisional",
  "licence": "OGL-3.0",
  "licence_name": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.",
  "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T12:18:01Z",
  "raw_files": [
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    "name": "dataset.json",
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    "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/longterminternationalimmigrationemigrationandnetmigrationflowsprovisional/yearendingdecember2025/may2026publicationspreadsheet.xlsx",
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  ]
 },
 "meta": {
  "latest_period": "2025-12-31",
  "provisional": [
   "YE Mar 2025",
   "YE Jun 2025",
   "YE Sep 2025",
   "YE Dec 2025"
  ],
  "revised": [
   "YE Sep 2024",
   "YE Dec 2024",
   "YE Mar 2025",
   "YE Jun 2025"
  ],
  "ons_edition": "yearendingdecember2025",
  "file": "may2026publicationspreadsheet.xlsx"
 },
 "headline": {
  "label": "Net migration",
  "value": 171000.0,
  "period": "YE Dec 2025",
  "note": "provisional"
 },
 "series": [
  {
   "name": "Immigration",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2012",
     "v": 639000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2012",
     "v": 630000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2012",
     "v": 643000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2013",
     "v": 649000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2013",
     "v": 669000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2013",
     "v": 720000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2013",
     "v": 713000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2014",
     "v": 731000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2014",
     "v": 737000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2014",
     "v": 761000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2014",
     "v": 778000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2015",
     "v": 780000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2015",
     "v": 778000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2015",
     "v": 774000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2015",
     "v": 797000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2016",
     "v": 803000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2016",
     "v": 832000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2016",
     "v": 804000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2016",
     "v": 772000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2017",
     "v": 759000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2017",
     "v": 718000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2017",
     "v": 754000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2017",
     "v": 752000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2018",
     "v": 736000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2018",
     "v": 757000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2018",
     "v": 766000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2018",
     "v": 825000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2019",
     "v": 849000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2019",
     "v": 821000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2019",
     "v": 793000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2019",
     "v": 788000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2020",
     "v": 815000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2020",
     "v": 736000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2020",
     "v": 606000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2020",
     "v": 662000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2021",
     "v": 629000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2021",
     "v": 818000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2021",
     "v": 937000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2021",
     "v": 947000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2022",
     "v": 1069000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2022",
     "v": 1167000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2022",
     "v": 1317000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2022",
     "v": 1398000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2023",
     "v": 1469000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2023",
     "v": 1466000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2023",
     "v": 1461000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2023",
     "v": 1441000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2024",
     "v": 1359000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2024",
     "v": 1299000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2024",
     "v": 1159000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2024",
     "v": 1012000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2025",
     "v": 945000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2025",
     "v": 888000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2025",
     "v": 862000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2025",
     "v": 813000.0
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Emigration",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2012",
     "v": 477000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2012",
     "v": 473000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2012",
     "v": 448000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2013",
     "v": 446000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2013",
     "v": 454000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2013",
     "v": 461000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2013",
     "v": 469000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2014",
     "v": 475000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2014",
     "v": 489000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2014",
     "v": 497000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2014",
     "v": 494000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2015",
     "v": 484000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2015",
     "v": 482000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2015",
     "v": 481000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2015",
     "v": 494000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2016",
     "v": 506000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2016",
     "v": 511000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2016",
     "v": 514000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2016",
     "v": 523000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2017",
     "v": 519000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2017",
     "v": 518000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2017",
     "v": 549000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2017",
     "v": 544000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2018",
     "v": 543000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2018",
     "v": 541000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2018",
     "v": 539000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2018",
     "v": 549000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2019",
     "v": 575000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2019",
     "v": 597000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2019",
     "v": 591000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2019",
     "v": 605000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2020",
     "v": 645000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2020",
     "v": 625000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2020",
     "v": 571000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2020",
     "v": 569000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2021",
     "v": 496000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2021",
     "v": 567000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2021",
     "v": 552000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2021",
     "v": 480000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2022",
     "v": 495000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2022",
     "v": 486000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2022",
     "v": 496000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2022",
     "v": 508000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2023",
     "v": 525000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2023",
     "v": 543000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2023",
     "v": 570000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2023",
     "v": 593000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2024",
     "v": 625000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2024",
     "v": 650000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2024",
     "v": 662000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2024",
     "v": 680000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2025",
     "v": 685000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2025",
     "v": 669000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2025",
     "v": 661000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2025",
     "v": 642000.0
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Net migration",
   "points": [
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2012",
     "v": 162000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2012",
     "v": 157000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2012",
     "v": 195000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2013",
     "v": 204000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2013",
     "v": 215000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2013",
     "v": 259000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2013",
     "v": 244000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2014",
     "v": 256000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2014",
     "v": 248000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2014",
     "v": 264000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2014",
     "v": 284000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2015",
     "v": 296000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2015",
     "v": 296000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2015",
     "v": 293000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2015",
     "v": 303000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2016",
     "v": 298000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2016",
     "v": 321000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2016",
     "v": 290000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2016",
     "v": 249000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2017",
     "v": 240000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2017",
     "v": 200000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2017",
     "v": 205000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2017",
     "v": 208000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2018",
     "v": 193000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2018",
     "v": 216000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2018",
     "v": 226000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2018",
     "v": 276000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2019",
     "v": 274000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2019",
     "v": 224000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2019",
     "v": 202000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2019",
     "v": 184000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2020",
     "v": 170000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2020",
     "v": 111000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2020",
     "v": 35000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2020",
     "v": 93000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2021",
     "v": 132000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2021",
     "v": 251000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2021",
     "v": 384000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2021",
     "v": 467000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2022",
     "v": 575000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2022",
     "v": 681000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2022",
     "v": 822000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2022",
     "v": 891000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2023",
     "v": 944000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2023",
     "v": 924000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2023",
     "v": 891000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2023",
     "v": 848000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2024",
     "v": 734000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2024",
     "v": 649000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2024",
     "v": 497000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2024",
     "v": 331000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Mar 2025",
     "v": 260000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Jun 2025",
     "v": 219000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Sep 2025",
     "v": 202000.0
    },
    {
     "x": "YE Dec 2025",
     "v": 171000.0
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}