Employment history by council, Census 2021

Usual residents of each of England's and Wales's 318 councils by employment history, Census 2021, from the ONS Census API (its “Employment history (4 categories)”).

Not in employment: Worked in the last 12 months, highest: Birmingham

60,649

Census Day, 21 March 2021

Verified against source, 30 October 2026, 11:48 UTC

Employment history by council, Census 2021

Source: Office for National Statistics (Census 2021). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Data table

318 rows

Area	Does not apply	Not in employment: Worked in the last 12 months	Not in employment: Not worked in the last 12 months	Not in employment: Never worked
Birmingham E08000025	697,714	60,649	200,437	186,119
Leeds E08000035	527,546	46,612	160,051	77,744
Manchester E08000003	348,263	38,807	83,518	81,350
Liverpool E08000012	288,810	33,594	97,059	66,625
Sheffield E08000019 its area before 1 April 2025	342,278	32,397	118,632	63,214
Nottingham E06000018	188,177	30,227	61,658	43,571
Bristol, City of E06000023	321,267	29,915	81,992	39,291
Cornwall E06000052	347,127	27,029	160,198	35,951
North Yorkshire E06000065	392,846	25,782	158,700	38,163
Cardiff W06000015	226,434	24,444	72,621	38,809
County Durham E06000047	310,325	23,087	129,645	59,011
Newcastle upon Tyne E08000021	176,753	22,905	60,262	40,205
Leicester E06000016	232,491	22,738	58,698	54,644
Buckinghamshire E06000060	382,919	22,715	112,130	35,314
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole E06000058	251,319	22,185	99,011	27,681
Somerset E06000066	365,651	22,115	149,414	34,368
Bradford E08000032	345,974	21,691	101,628	77,118
Coventry E08000026	218,594	20,968	64,571	41,191
Wiltshire E06000054	343,564	19,945	118,337	28,487
Ealing E09000009	246,770	19,236	54,181	46,928
Newham E09000025	238,307	19,003	38,773	54,952
West Northamptonshire E06000062	298,218	18,950	81,126	27,431
Brighton and Hove E06000043	181,027	18,794	54,447	22,835
Barnet E09000003	266,165	18,730	63,342	41,107
Brent E09000005	225,670	18,479	48,297	47,370
Croydon E09000008	269,728	18,113	64,606	38,272
Southwark E09000028	218,449	18,062	39,864	31,262
Kirklees E08000034	277,025	17,780	91,330	47,081
Tower Hamlets E09000030	212,815	17,585	33,691	46,215
Lambeth E09000022	231,529	16,938	40,140	29,047
Oxford E07000178	98,648	16,564	28,849	17,979
Southampton E06000045	162,782	16,226	45,845	24,069
Lewisham E09000023	213,854	15,859	42,205	28,635
Dorset E06000059	225,454	15,797	116,646	21,682
Enfield E09000010	216,666	15,731	54,454	43,133
Cheshire East E06000049	261,785	15,517	96,004	25,466
Cheshire West and Chester E06000050	230,880	15,471	84,953	25,846
Hillingdon E09000017	206,836	15,400	49,255	34,418
Wandsworth E09000032	244,390	15,140	42,978	24,998
Hounslow E09000018	198,300	14,900	42,007	32,974
Sandwell E08000028	216,876	14,496	62,719	47,741
Haringey E09000014	182,619	14,433	36,838	30,349
Greenwich E09000011	202,255	14,364	42,785	29,664
Salford E08000006	180,606	14,210	46,554	28,553
Redbridge E09000026	209,870	14,123	45,720	40,547
North Northamptonshire E06000061	249,194	14,068	72,279	23,986
Bath and North East Somerset E06000022	121,603	14,000	44,902	12,904
Plymouth E06000026	167,089	13,936	61,100	22,570
Camden E09000007	134,739	13,558	34,511	27,328
York E06000014	126,936	13,505	46,259	16,121
Portsmouth E06000044	134,970	13,423	41,032	18,579
Wakefield E08000036	230,473	13,266	79,025	30,606
Waltham Forest E09000031	196,616	13,193	38,003	30,614
East Riding of Yorkshire E06000011	210,195	13,136	93,961	24,923
Swansea W06000011	141,246	13,112	60,788	23,344
Cambridge E07000008	91,507	13,046	25,952	15,169
Milton Keynes E06000042	205,607	12,969	48,631	19,853
Derby E06000015	168,375	12,950	53,360	26,679
South Gloucestershire E06000025	200,670	12,945	60,322	16,487
Hackney E09000012	183,988	12,852	30,710	31,596
Shropshire E06000051	203,783	12,826	85,969	21,026
Bromley E09000006	227,025	12,797	67,099	23,070
Doncaster E08000017	195,039	12,720	69,605	30,742
Islington E09000019	147,933	12,445	32,049	24,162
Charnwood E07000130	115,670	12,403	40,170	15,728
Westminster E09000033	128,511	12,362	33,356	30,007
Wirral E08000015	197,591	12,285	79,958	30,365
Northumberland E06000057	192,498	12,244	86,935	28,891
Kingston upon Hull, City of E06000010	170,926	12,135	53,599	30,354
Wigan E08000010	215,250	12,012	72,576	29,492
Dudley E08000027	205,640	11,916	75,739	30,193
Harrow E09000015	176,619	11,723	42,238	30,623
Medway E06000035	189,622	11,674	55,102	23,375
Bolton E08000001	189,112	11,655	59,565	35,631
Wolverhampton E08000031	166,594	11,602	53,234	32,297
Central Bedfordshire E06000056	208,569	11,222	57,765	16,696
Luton E06000032	151,285	11,164	33,473	29,340
Exeter E07000041	79,078	11,142	28,990	11,499
Stoke-on-Trent E06000021	165,049	11,072	55,133	27,115
Sefton E08000014	171,440	10,990	70,851	25,952
Walsall E08000030	179,557	10,932	59,548	34,087
Stockport E08000007	195,652	10,900	65,698	22,523
Sunderland E08000024	165,252	10,871	63,945	34,104
Havering E09000016	177,103	10,788	52,153	22,008
Hammersmith and Fulham E09000013	126,623	10,625	27,259	18,650
Cumberland E06000063	173,145	10,544	67,146	22,419
Canterbury E07000106	90,819	10,473	41,023	15,114
Bexley E09000004	168,628	10,402	47,214	20,228
Norwich E07000148	88,879	10,356	31,240	13,448
Oldham E08000004	153,259	10,257	46,495	32,077
Reading E06000038	121,730	10,242	27,392	14,860
Barking and Dagenham E09000002	151,713	10,242	28,678	28,236
Rotherham E08000018	168,037	10,199	60,330	27,241
East Suffolk E07000244	145,704	9,755	74,032	16,566
Merton E09000024	154,480	9,646	32,938	18,123
Westmorland and Furness E06000064	143,075	9,582	59,236	14,699
Swindon E06000030	164,125	9,461	43,602	16,222
Colchester E07000071	128,388	9,461	40,708	14,158
Guildford E07000209	94,068	9,447	29,752	10,383
Peterborough E06000031	149,068	9,413	37,769	19,423
Trafford E08000009	160,459	9,156	46,700	18,738
Rochdale E08000005	143,285	8,988	44,498	27,002
Barnsley E08000016 its area before 1 April 2025	156,462	8,953	56,262	22,895
Rhondda Cynon Taf W06000016	147,197	8,928	57,478	24,048
Tameside E08000008	151,590	8,798	47,926	22,757
Warrington E06000007	141,447	8,737	45,614	15,176
Richmond upon Thames E09000027	137,009	8,735	36,926	12,608
Lancaster E07000121	85,695	8,680	35,074	13,485
Solihull E08000029	139,678	8,432	50,849	17,281
Sutton E09000029	148,206	8,407	36,539	16,487
Kingston upon Thames E09000021	116,747	8,399	29,152	13,764
Calderdale E08000033	133,378	8,243	46,609	18,401
North Somerset E06000024	140,863	8,211	55,379	12,275
Lincoln E07000138	63,464	8,168	21,934	10,247
Telford and Wrekin E06000020	122,364	8,069	39,460	15,648
Bedford E06000055	127,972	7,989	35,457	13,807
Kensington and Chelsea E09000020	89,726	7,954	27,076	18,619
Southend-on-Sea E06000033	117,535	7,906	40,947	14,298
Herefordshire, County of E06000019	118,414	7,778	49,096	11,749
Warwick E07000222	97,946	7,768	31,847	10,892
Gateshead E08000037	121,921	7,685	45,185	21,360
West Suffolk E07000245	121,440	7,603	40,209	10,696
North Tyneside E08000022	134,720	7,596	47,414	19,237
Slough E06000039	113,266	7,595	19,844	17,795
Stockton-on-Tees E06000004	125,028	7,562	43,060	20,945
Thurrock E06000034	125,585	7,527	29,008	13,880
Preston E07000123	95,800	7,496	28,352	16,187
Bury E08000002	127,461	7,386	40,164	18,840
Chelmsford E07000070	123,647	7,353	39,394	11,129
Basildon E07000066	127,919	7,300	38,432	13,920
Wokingham E06000041	126,148	7,236	34,265	9,853
Basingstoke and Deane E07000084	132,320	7,209	35,657	9,968
Huntingdonshire E07000011	123,962	6,999	39,649	10,222
Welwyn Hatfield E07000241	80,500	6,956	22,873	9,506
New Forest E07000091	105,743	6,949	52,818	10,275
Arun E07000224	98,526	6,918	48,152	11,293
Middlesbrough E06000002	86,420	6,900	29,159	21,446
Winchester E07000094	83,267	6,848	29,891	7,438
St. Helens E08000013	115,300	6,828	42,822	18,296
Cherwell E07000177	115,400	6,780	30,030	8,807
Windsor and Maidenhead E06000040	106,123	6,748	30,298	10,327
Maidstone E07000110	120,055	6,720	37,416	11,591
Gwynedd W06000002	71,242	6,669	30,948	8,534
Carmarthenshire W06000010	114,362	6,642	51,422	15,471
West Lancashire E07000127	72,642	6,514	28,253	10,020
Blackpool E06000009	84,060	6,480	35,169	15,328
North Lincolnshire E06000013	106,436	6,384	41,614	15,245
Dacorum E07000096	108,500	6,373	31,028	9,182
East Lindsey E07000137	76,455	6,359	46,446	13,034
West Berkshire E06000037	113,019	6,279	33,468	8,682
Newport W06000022	104,958	6,275	33,236	15,124
Crawley E07000226	83,825	6,266	19,668	8,734
Chichester E07000225	75,724	6,264	34,691	7,389
Isle of Wight E06000046	78,783	6,193	45,548	9,935
Wealden E07000065	101,046	6,167	43,494	9,444
Flintshire W06000005	101,205	6,127	36,776	10,855
Knowsley E08000011	99,712	6,112	30,193	18,502
North East Lincolnshire E06000012	98,293	6,086	37,093	15,494
East Hertfordshire E07000242	105,530	6,040	30,349	8,239
South Cambridgeshire E07000012	114,025	6,028	33,700	8,366
Braintree E07000067	104,983	6,024	34,553	9,708
Blackburn with Darwen E06000008	98,787	6,016	28,035	21,900
King's Lynn and West Norfolk E07000146	94,656	5,991	42,402	11,276
Reigate and Banstead E07000211	105,843	5,983	29,894	9,125
Gloucester E07000081	91,098	5,977	25,402	9,939
East Devon E07000040	90,166	5,965	47,044	7,653
Caerphilly W06000018	109,909	5,947	42,520	17,576
Epping Forest E07000072	90,844	5,900	28,075	10,161
Tendring E07000076	81,680	5,895	47,167	13,548
Torbay E06000027	81,227	5,876	41,371	10,850
Horsham E07000227	98,284	5,834	35,024	7,638
Mid Sussex E07000228	105,822	5,826	33,351	7,567
Neath Port Talbot W06000012	84,296	5,826	37,295	14,872
St Albans E07000240	104,947	5,778	29,034	8,408
Swale E07000113	98,880	5,772	34,279	12,746
South Tyneside E08000023	88,992	5,746	35,430	17,608
Newcastle-under-Lyme E07000195	76,798	5,707	30,493	10,301
Bridgend W06000013	89,990	5,704	36,809	12,985
South Oxfordshire E07000179	104,070	5,685	31,913	7,417
Ipswich E07000202	94,836	5,607	27,855	11,344
South Kesteven E07000141	93,588	5,537	35,140	9,139
Cheltenham E07000078	79,557	5,535	26,133	7,611
Thanet E07000114	84,360	5,481	38,197	12,549
Elmbridge E07000207	96,960	5,454	28,046	8,294
Teignbridge E07000045	83,479	5,447	38,369	7,508
Runnymede E07000212	57,818	5,424	17,754	7,083
Redcar and Cleveland E06000003	79,810	5,319	35,561	15,841
Wrexham W06000006	86,648	5,318	32,013	11,138
Vale of White Horse E07000180	97,350	5,310	28,950	7,303
Breckland E07000143	89,262	5,299	37,494	9,421
Nuneaton and Bedworth E07000219	88,723	5,264	28,898	11,311
Bracknell Forest E06000036	91,071	5,257	21,202	7,077
Waverley E07000216	85,316	5,248	29,987	7,678
Stratford-on-Avon E07000221	88,322	5,244	33,920	7,242
Worcester E07000237	69,894	5,202	21,299	7,477
Stafford E07000197	89,018	5,167	34,220	8,461
Rushcliffe E07000176	78,332	5,161	28,239	7,345
Powys W06000023	82,359	5,123	37,170	8,517
Eastleigh E07000086	95,627	5,121	28,404	7,291
East Staffordshire E07000193	82,829	5,100	26,136	9,952
Wychavon E07000238	85,435	5,069	34,017	7,974
North Hertfordshire E07000099	92,628	5,065	28,235	7,282
Ashford E07000105	89,593	5,056	28,563	9,535
South Norfolk E07000149	92,478	5,054	36,488	7,928
Test Valley E07000093	89,602	5,038	29,066	6,786
Broxtowe E07000172	70,316	5,025	26,992	8,610
Pembrokeshire W06000009	73,574	5,009	35,721	9,056
Halton E06000006	83,236	5,006	27,938	12,298
Vale of Glamorgan W06000014	84,397	4,927	32,604	10,011
East Hampshire E07000085	83,646	4,899	30,453	6,746
Tonbridge and Malling E07000115	91,101	4,876	28,164	8,060
Broadland E07000144	83,804	4,846	35,632	7,437
Newark and Sherwood E07000175	78,102	4,800	30,511	9,543
Conwy W06000003	67,100	4,763	34,132	8,746
Hertsmere E07000098	74,401	4,717	20,540	8,169
Havant E07000090	77,711	4,680	32,588	9,229
Stroud E07000082	80,828	4,677	29,174	6,425
Great Yarmouth E07000145	58,168	4,673	27,678	9,229
Spelthorne E07000213	71,133	4,663	20,315	6,845
Amber Valley E07000032	81,314	4,597	31,693	8,602
North Norfolk E07000147	55,494	4,581	36,218	6,687
Sevenoaks E07000111	80,295	4,571	28,122	7,526
Dover E07000108	71,205	4,560	31,057	9,588
Dartford E07000107	84,878	4,519	19,341	8,015
Watford E07000103	74,142	4,503	15,559	8,042
Eastbourne E07000061	60,941	4,494	28,177	8,074
Ashfield E07000170	81,884	4,489	29,329	10,598
Tunbridge Wells E07000116	78,807	4,444	25,141	6,919
Worthing E07000229	72,540	4,422	27,193	7,184
Gravesham E07000109	72,106	4,415	21,241	9,138
Wyre E07000128	65,430	4,400	32,772	9,344
North Devon E07000043	61,581	4,390	26,760	5,881
Folkestone and Hythe E07000112	66,022	4,385	30,115	9,236
Gedling E07000173	76,993	4,365	27,654	8,251
West Oxfordshire E07000181	79,354	4,335	25,038	5,510
Ceredigion W06000008	40,203	4,290	21,326	5,656
Rugby E07000220	80,282	4,248	22,755	7,077
Bassetlaw E07000171	75,353	4,245	28,697	9,511
North West Leicestershire E07000134	70,501	4,232	23,293	6,679
Erewash E07000036	74,346	4,208	26,266	8,086
Woking E07000217	73,703	4,204	19,362	6,674
Darlington E06000005	68,986	4,187	24,280	10,345
Fareham E07000087	74,506	4,186	29,407	6,414
North Kesteven E07000139	76,951	4,174	29,352	7,597
South Staffordshire E07000196	67,799	4,167	30,359	8,147
Broxbourne E07000095	67,876	4,164	19,326	7,641
Cotswold E07000079	58,596	4,158	23,607	4,472
Chorley E07000118	78,607	4,155	27,112	7,856
Hinckley and Bosworth E07000132	75,608	4,130	26,740	7,162
Mansfield E07000174	71,679	4,116	24,919	9,767
Rushmoor E07000092	71,900	4,104	15,916	7,836
Lewes E07000063	61,190	4,074	28,094	6,547
South Derbyshire E07000039	74,158	4,037	22,356	6,655
Lichfield E07000194	68,315	4,017	27,044	7,063
Pendle E07000122	60,158	3,961	19,876	11,763
Hart E07000089	69,525	3,907	21,284	4,692
South Ribble E07000126	74,246	3,898	25,561	7,329
Wyre Forest E07000239	62,833	3,897	27,127	7,750
Surrey Heath E07000214	62,032	3,873	19,165	5,381
Burnley E07000117	59,481	3,836	20,571	10,758
Three Rivers E07000102	65,716	3,814	18,323	5,918
Mid Suffolk E07000203	66,418	3,813	26,964	5,504
Chesterfield E07000034	65,098	3,777	26,318	8,377
Forest of Dean E07000080	53,947	3,770	23,030	6,257
Cannock Chase E07000192	66,918	3,769	22,117	7,715
Fenland E07000010	64,738	3,731	25,383	8,610
Harlow E07000073	66,207	3,728	16,528	6,865
South Hams E07000044	54,245	3,724	25,775	4,884
Harborough E07000131	65,968	3,723	22,563	5,371
Uttlesford E07000077	63,562	3,714	19,392	4,673
Hastings E07000062	57,190	3,692	22,118	7,994
North East Derbyshire E07000038	63,290	3,682	27,658	7,371
Bromsgrove E07000234	65,369	3,674	23,714	6,426
Hartlepool E06000001	55,401	3,665	21,189	12,083
Rother E07000064	51,555	3,661	30,878	7,016
Blaby E07000129	70,706	3,651	21,934	6,635
Staffordshire Moorlands E07000198	60,025	3,626	25,864	6,329
Tewkesbury E07000083	64,055	3,607	22,245	4,977
Denbighshire W06000004	57,755	3,607	26,240	8,216
Monmouthshire W06000021	57,548	3,599	25,961	5,849
Babergh E07000200	57,919	3,594	25,490	5,338
High Peak E07000037	59,887	3,586	21,928	5,532
Mole Valley E07000210	57,388	3,552	21,471	4,975
Redditch E07000236	59,479	3,535	17,672	6,350
Stevenage E07000243	63,719	3,482	16,315	5,979
West Lindsey E07000142	58,172	3,476	26,050	7,454
South Holland E07000140	61,358	3,437	24,024	6,303
Torfaen W06000020	57,818	3,338	23,258	7,862
Epsom and Ewell E07000208	56,240	3,307	16,058	5,334
Gosport E07000088	53,225	3,291	19,818	5,618
Tandridge E07000215	59,623	3,290	19,446	5,516
Castle Point E07000069	56,181	3,267	23,318	6,822
Rochford E07000075	55,609	3,230	21,432	5,390
Fylde E07000119	47,843	3,218	24,676	5,637
East Cambridgeshire E07000009	61,028	3,207	18,661	4,865
Mid Devon E07000042	54,929	3,196	20,131	4,596
Hyndburn E07000120	52,229	3,142	17,728	9,135
Malvern Hills E07000235	48,166	3,106	23,241	4,974
Brentwood E07000068	52,081	3,068	17,139	4,762
Tamworth E07000199	53,014	3,036	16,855	5,742
Derbyshire Dales E07000035	43,708	3,014	20,997	3,821
Torridge E07000046	40,608	2,755	20,449	4,301
Oadby and Wigston E07000135	36,526	2,732	13,192	5,297
Isle of Anglesey W06000001	40,933	2,710	20,010	5,225
Bolsover E07000033	52,095	2,703	18,730	6,745
Boston E07000136	46,549	2,689	15,940	5,324
Maldon E07000074	42,036	2,585	17,374	4,213
North Warwickshire E07000218	42,891	2,581	14,861	4,702
Rossendale E07000125	46,687	2,573	15,803	5,808
Adur E07000223	41,416	2,485	16,200	4,443
Blaenau Gwent W06000019	40,559	2,301	16,896	7,148
West Devon E07000047	34,117	2,264	17,350	3,365
Ribble Valley E07000124	40,484	2,221	15,406	3,450
Merthyr Tydfil W06000024	36,797	2,131	13,769	6,142
Melton E07000133	34,271	1,970	12,596	2,915
Rutland E06000017	25,534	1,801	10,952	2,762
City of London E09000001	5,930	508	1,412	733
Isles of Scilly E06000053	1,438	89	473	53
Barnsley E08000038	given for its area before 1 April 2025, under E08000016	given for its area before 1 April 2025, under E08000016	given for its area before 1 April 2025, under E08000016	given for its area before 1 April 2025, under E08000016
Sheffield E08000039	given for its area before 1 April 2025, under E08000019	given for its area before 1 April 2025, under E08000019	given for its area before 1 April 2025, under E08000019	given for its area before 1 April 2025, under E08000019

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Map

Not in employment: Worked in the last 12 months · 316 areas, each shaded by the fifth of the areas its figure falls in

89 to 3,961
3,961 to 5,257
5,257 to 7,386
7,386 to 12k
12k to 61k

Boundaries: Council boundaries, May 2026, from the geography spine. Source: Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v.3.0. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2026.

Source and licence

Publisher

Office for National Statistics (Census 2021)

Check it yourself

https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/create

Licence

Open Government Licence v3.0 – Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Retrieved

30 October 2026, 11:42 UTC

Raw files fetched

https://api.beta.ons.gov.uk/v1/population-types/UR/census-observations?area-type=ltla23&dimensions=has_ever_workedSHA-256 f9f999f8facf1497939fc2bc054f0b872c441caae6e9fb942022411d5cff23c0 · 387,884 bytes
https://api.beta.ons.gov.uk/v1/population-types/UR/dimensions?limit=500SHA-256 456ad46108ca3f46230c3ddad0b5fc65750b9dd557b85a949e0a67d4ca524d12 · 26,631 bytes

Verification

Verified against source, 30 October 2026, 11:48 UTC Run at 30 October 2026, 11:48 UTC; 1272 of 1272 figures matched the live source.

Result	Check	Detail
Pass	Provenance recorded	Office for National Statistics (Census 2021); Open Government Licence v3.0; retrieved 2026-10-30T11:42:33Z; 2 raw file(s)
Pass	Raw files match recorded SHA-256	2 of 2 files intact
Pass	Re-parsing raw files reproduces figures	1272 of 1272 figures and the headline reproduced
Pass	Figures are finite numbers	1272 figures, 0 invalid
Pass	Live source matches every figure	1272 of 1272 figures match exactly after downloading 2 source file(s) again (2 byte-identical); the headline matches
Pass	The ONS's answer for England and for Wales agrees	in 8 of 8 cells (a category in a nation) the councils sum to the nation's count at https://api.beta.ons.gov.uk/v1/population-types/UR/census-observations?area-type=ctry&dimensions=has_ever_worked within twice the square root of the councils summed (2 exactly; the largest gap 0.44 of its limit), the Census's cell-by-cell perturbation
Pass	Source page answers	https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/create – HTTP 200

Notes

Census Day was the 21st of March 2021. The ONS perturbs every count slightly to protect privacy, each cell on its own, so a council's categories can add up to a total a few people different from one topic to another, and its councils add up to England's and Wales's counts only within a few dozen.
By council as the ONS's Census API gives them, its lower-tier local authorities of 2023, with Barnsley's and Sheffield's figures under the codes they had until the 1st of April 2025, as the API gives them. Scotland's and Northern Ireland's censuses are separate, so their councils are not here.
Every council's categories together count all its usual residents, “Does not apply” those the question was not asked of.
The ONS's description of the topic, “Employment history (4 categories)”: Classifies people who were not in employment on Census Day into: * Not in employment: Worked in the last 12 months * Not in employment: Not worked in the last 12 months * Not in employment: Never worked
The ONS's quality statement: As Census 2021 was during a unique period of rapid change, take care when using Labour Market data for planning purposes.